Forex Umea Apertura Ore

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Qualità e precisione è fissata in modo che i prodotti possono essere utilizzati per esperimenti altamente qualitativi in ​​laboratori e per uso continuo in applicazioni industriali. I prodotti per l'umidificazione e preciso evaporazione sono basate su una profonda comprensione della chimica fisica e l'applicazione di nuove tecnologie. Il risultato è prodotti con prestazioni che apre nuove possibilità per la ricerca e l'industria. Benvenuti a conoscere meglio i nostri prodotti. Siete inoltre invitati a contattarci per discutere la vostra esigenza di umidificazione precisa o evaporazione. Se siete alla ricerca di aree di business Cellkraft Fuel Cells, andare a: fuelcells. cellkraft. seFinland (finlandese: Suomi svedese. Finlandia) è nel Nord Europa e confina con la Russia ad est, la Norvegia a nord, e Svezia ovest. La Finlandia è un completamente moderno stato sociale con ben progettate e confortevoli piccole città e città, ma offre ancora vaste aree di natura incontaminata. La Finlandia ha circa 188.000 laghi (circa il 10 del paese) e un numero simile di isole. Nella parte settentrionale del paese boreale può essere visto sotto il sole d'inverno e di mezzanotte in estate. Finlandesi sostengono anche la mitica montagna di Korvatunturi come la casa di Babbo Natale, e una fiorente industria del turismo in Lapponia si rivolge agli appassionati di Babbo Natale. Nonostante viva in uno dei paesi tecnologicamente più sviluppati del mondo, i finlandesi amano andare al loro cottage estivi nei mesi più caldi per godere di tutti i tipi di passatempi rilassanti tra cui sauna, nuoto, pesca e barbecue. Oggi, la Finlandia ha un linguaggio distintivo e la cultura che lo distingue dal resto del Nord Europa. Comprendere modifica Storia modifica San Olafs Castello, i mondi più settentrionale castello medievale, costruito in Savonlinna dalla Svezia nel 1475 non si sa molto su Finlands storia antica, con gli archeologi ancora discutendo quando e dove una tribù di altoparlanti ugrofinniche ritagliata. storico romano Tacito menziona una tribù primitiva e selvaggia Fenni nel 100 dC e anche i Vichinghi ha scelto di non risolvere, il commercio e saccheggi lungo le coste. A metà 1150 la Svezia ha iniziato a conquistare e cristianizzare i pagani finlandesi sul serio, con Birger Jarl che incorpora la maggior parte del paese in Svezia nel 1249. Finlandia, rimasta una parte integrante della Svezia fino al 19 ° secolo, anche se c'era quasi costante di guerra con la Russia sul confine orientale e due brevi occupazioni. Dopo Swedens finale disastrosa sconfitta nella guerra finlandese 1808-1809, la Finlandia è diventata nel 1809 un granducato autonomo sotto il dominio russo. il dominio russo alternato tra tolleranza e repressione e c'era già un notevole movimento di indipendenza, quando la Russia immerso nel caos rivoluzionario nel 1917. Il Parlamento ha colto l'occasione e ha dichiarato l'indipendenza nel mese di dicembre, guadagnando rapidamente assenso sovietico, ma il paese subito immerso in un breve ma amara civile guerra tra i bianchi conservatori e socialisti i rossi, alla fine ha vinto dai Bianchi. Durante la seconda guerra mondiale, la Finlandia è stato attaccato dall'Unione Sovietica nella Guerra d'inverno. ma li ha combattuto a un punto morto che ha visto l'URSS conquistare 12 del territorio finlandese. Finlandia poi alleata con la Germania in un tentativo senza successo di respingere i sovietici e riconquistare il territorio perduto, è stato sconfitto e, come condizione per la pace, ha dovuto girare contro la Germania, invece. Così la Finlandia ha combattuto tre guerre distinte durante la Seconda Guerra Mondiale. Alla fine, la Finlandia ha perso gran parte della Carelia e Finlands seconda città Vyborg. ma sovietici pagato un prezzo pesante per loro con oltre 300.000 morti. Dopo la guerra, la Finlandia si trovava nella zona grigia tra i paesi occidentali e l'Unione Sovietica. Il patto ugro-sovietico di amicizia, cooperazione e reciproca assistenza impegna Finlandia per resistere agli attacchi armati da parte della Germania o dai suoi alleati (leggi: l'Occidente), ma ha anche permesso alla Finlandia di rimanere neutrale nella guerra fredda e di evitare un governo comunista o appartenenza Patto di Varsavia . In politica, c'è stata una tendenza di evitare eventuali politiche e dichiarazioni che potrebbero essere interpretate come anti-sovietica. Questo equilibrio di finlandizzazione è stato ironicamente definito come l'arte di inchinandosi al Oriente senza mooning Occidente. Nonostante stretti rapporti con l'Unione Sovietica, la Finlandia è riuscita a mantenere le elezioni multi-Pd e rimase una economia occidentale mercato europeo, la costruzione di stretti legami con i suoi vicini nordici. Mentre ci sono stati alcuni momenti di tensione, la Finlandia ha tirato fuori: nella successiva metà del secolo, il paese ha fatto un notevole trasformazione da un'economia farmforest ad una diversificata economia industriale moderna con colossi high-tech come Nokia, e il reddito pro capite è ora in top 15 del mondo. Dopo l'implosione dell'URSS, la Finlandia ha aderito all'Unione europea nel 1995, ed è stato l'unico stato nordici di aderire al sistema di euro al suo inizio nel gennaio 1999. Modifica Geografia differenza di scosceso la Norvegia e la Svezia, la Finlandia consiste principalmente di bassa, piana per laminazione pianure intervallati da laghi e colline basse, con le montagne (di una specie) solo nell'estremo nord, mentre Finlands punto più alto, Fell Halti, sorge solo un modesto 1,328m. La Finlandia ha 187,888 laghi secondo il Geological Survey of Finland, rendendo la Terra moniker dei mille laghi in realtà una sottostima. Lungo la costa e nei laghi are8212according ad un altro isole estimate8212179,584, rendendo il paese una destinazione eccellente di canottaggio pure. La Finlandia non si trova sulla penisola scandinava, così nonostante i molti legami culturali e storici, non è tecnicamente una parte della Scandinavia. Anche finlandesi raramente si preoccupano di fare la distinzione, ma un termine più corretto che include la Finlandia è dei paesi nordici (Pohjoismaat). Ancora, la capitale, Helsinki, ha un sacco di funzioni scandinavi, soprattutto quando si tratta di l'architettura del centro, e un'altra lingua scandinava, svedese, è una delle due lingue ufficiali del paese. Modifica Clima La Finlandia ha un clima freddo ma temperato, che in realtà è relativamente mite per la latitudine a causa dell'influenza moderatrice della Corrente del Golfo. Inverno, tuttavia, è altrettanto scuro come ovunque in queste latitudini, e le temperature possono (molto raramente) raggiunge -30C nel sud e persino scendere sotto -40 ° C nel nord. La breve estate finlandese è molto più piacevole, con temperature intorno ai 20-23 ° C nelle giornate di sole (raramente più vicino a 30 ° C), ed è generalmente il periodo migliore dell'anno per visitare. Luglio è il mese più caldo. All'inizio della primavera (marzo-aprile) è quando la neve inizia a sciogliersi e finlandesi amano andare a nord per sci e sport invernali, mentre il passaggio dalla caduta di inverno in ottobre-dicembre 8212 bagnato e dark8212 è il momento meno piacevole da visitare. La costa meridionale, dove si trovano Helsinki e Turku in realtà non è una destinazione invernale, perché non vi è alcuna garanzia di neve anche in gennaio o febbraio. A causa della estrema latitudine, parti settentrionali della Finlandia sperimenta il famoso sole di mezzanotte vicino al solstizio d'estate, quando (se al di sopra del circolo polare artico) il sole non tramonta mai durante la notte e anche nel sud della Finlandia non viene mai veramente buio. Il rovescio della medaglia è la notte artica (kaamos) in inverno, quando il sole non arriva mai fino a tutti al Nord. Nel Sud, la luce del giorno è limitata a poche ore pietose con il sole appena scavalcando gli alberi prima si dirige di nuovo. modifica Cultura Vinminen difesa del Sampo. da Akseli Gallen-Kallela (1896) squassata dai suoi vicini per secoli e influenze assorbenti da ovest, est e sud, cultura finlandese come una distinta identità nasce solo nel 19 ° secolo: non siamo svedesi, e noi non desiderano diventare russo, quindi cerchiamo di essere finlandesi. Il mito fondante finlandese e poema epico nazionale è Kalevala. una raccolta di vecchie storie della Carelia e poesie raccolte nel 1835 che racconta la creazione del mondo e le avventure di Vinminen. un eroe sciamanica con poteri magici. temi Kalevalan come il Sampo. una cornucopia mitico, sono stati un importante fonte di ispirazione per artisti finlandesi, e figure, scene e concetti dal epico continuano a colorare le loro opere. Mentre una delle condizioni essenziali per avere pieni diritti civili nella terra di Finlandia deve essere utilizzato un appartenenza alla Chiesa Evangelica Luterana (in cui sono stati conservati la maggior parte delle tradizioni cattoliche, dottrine sono marcatamente cristocentrica ed ancora formalmente basato sul libro di Concord solo ), Finlands costituzione è garantita piena libertà di culto dal 1923. Oggi, l'osservanza di tutti i giorni della grande maggioranza è lassista nel migliore dei casi o praticamente inesistente (anche tra alcuni del ministero) e l'appartenenza della chiesa luterana è stato in un forte calo dal 1960. Di conseguenza, turisti e visitatori fanno saggiamente esercitando un certo tatto e di essere consapevole del fatto che gli argomenti riguardanti la pratica religiosa e fede personale sono considerati una questione strettamente privata dalla maggior parte dei finlandesi. Ci sono tutte le probabilità che questioni di fede legate si trovano sia invadente o sconcertante nella maggior parte dei casi. La politica e la religione sono differenziati nel dibattito finlandese nella misura in cui ogni partecipante si prevede di non mettere in evidenza le loro convinzioni personali. I finlandesi condividono la maggior parte delle virtù e svantaggi dei loro vicini scandinavi. Questi includono etica del lavoro senza compromessi e un concetto inclusivo di uguaglianza. E 'diventato il secondo paese dopo la Nuova Zelanda che ha concesso il suffragio universale. (Nota: questo è un malinteso comune Finlandia è stato nel 1907 il primo paese a concedere le donne piena ammissibilità al Parlamento, la Norvegia nel 1917 e la Nuova Zelanda il più tardi 1919..) Allo stesso modo, la Finlandia è regolarmente autorevoli nella lista del paesi di Transparency International almeno danneggiato. Per gentile concessione del suo sistema educativo tuitionless vantata a livello internazionale così come il sistema sanitario pubblico e del benessere globale, la Finlandia ha acquisito una reputazione mondiale per uno dei paesi più avanzati del mondo. Nel frattempo, il paese è afflitto da problemi simili peculiari di welfare nordico che includono l'omogeneità della popolazione e relativamente alti tassi di alcolismo, depressione, l'esclusione sociale e il suicidio. Tuttavia, il carattere distintivo dei finlandesi è spesso riassunta con la parola sisu. una miscela di perseveranza ammirevole e caparbietà testardo di fronte alle avversità. La fondazione della cultura musicale e la musica istruzione finlandese è stato costruito principalmente sul lavoro di una vita di un compositore classico Jean Sibelius le cui sinfonie sono regolarmente svolto dalle orchestre sinfoniche più stimati del mondo e il cui nome è a carico Sibelius Academy, Finlands musica top istituzione. Compositori di musica classica moderna (Kaija Saariaho. Magnus Lindberg. Esa-Pekka Salonen, ecc) e la musica elettronica finlandese (Pan Sonic. Darude. Rinneradio. Jimi Tenor. Jori Hulkkonen etc.) sono tenuti in grande venerazione tra gli esperti e gli appassionati . Inoltre, alcuni finlandese metal tradizionale pesante e pop (Children of Bodom. Nightwish. LUI. The Rasmus. Bomfunk MC) hanno raccolto consensi globale. metal band Lordi cospicuo nota per il suo vestito in lattice mostro è diventato una sensazione internazionale di notte vincendo Eurovision Song Contest nel 2006. In altre arti, la Finlandia ha prodotto noto architetto e designer Alvar Aalto. autori Mika Waltari (L'egiziano), Vin Linna (Il Milite Ignoto) e Tove Jansson (The Moomins) e pittore Akseli Gallen-Kallela. noto per le sue illustrazioni Kalevala. Bilinguismo modificare Via tabella di riferimento la Finlandia ha un 5,5 minoranza di lingua svedese ed è ufficialmente un paese bilingue, così le mappe quasi sempre portano entrambi i cognomi finlandesi e svedesi per, ad esempio, città e paesi. Ad esempio, Turku e Bo sono la stessa città, anche se i nomi differiscono totalmente. Le strade possono essere particolarmente confuso: ciò che appare prima su una mappa per essere una strada che cambia il suo nome è, nella maggior parte dei casi, una strada con due nomi. Questo è comune nelle zone di lingua svedese sulle coste meridionali e occidentali, mentre i nomi svedesi interne sono molto meno comune. In qualsiasi punto di fuori delle aree bilingui e l'estremo nord della Lapponia finlandese non avrai mai vedere svedese e un cartello bilingue è estremamente raro si, di tanto in tanto, vedi segnaletica in Smi invece. Google Maps, in particolare, sembra selezionare la lingua in modo casuale, anche se i nomi svedesi sono molto raramente utilizzati nella pratica nella maggior parte dei luoghi. Vacanze modificare finlandesi avevate in genere molto caldo su grandi carnevali pubbliche la maggior parte delle vacanze sono passato a casa con la famiglia. L'eccezione più notevole è Vappu il 1 ° maggio, come migliaia di persone (soprattutto i giovani) riempiono le strade. feste importanti e avvenimenti simili includono: New Years Day (Uudenvuodenpiv), il 1 ° gennaio. Epiphany (Loppiainen), il 6 gennaio. Pasqua (Psiinen), date variabili, il Venerdì Santo e Lunedi di Pasqua sono festivi. Legato a questo sono laskiainen 40 giorni prima di Pasqua, nominalmente un giorno santo che dà il via alla Quaresima, praticamente un tempo per i bambini e gli studenti universitari di andare scivolare giù piste innevate, e Ascensione (helatorstai) 40 giorni dopo, solo un altro giorno per la negozi da chiudere. Notte di Valpurga o più spesso Vappu. May 1, anche se festeggiamenti iniziano il giorno prima (Vappuaatto). Una festa di primavera che coincide con May Day. Originariamente una tradizione pagana che coincide con la più recente celebrazione dei lavoratori, è diventato un festival gigante per gli studenti, che indossano una tuta firma colorati e vagano per le strade. Molte persone usano anche i loro berretti di studenti bianchi tra le 18:00 del 30 aprile e la fine del 1 ° maggio. Il giorno dopo, le persone si riuniscono per allattare i loro postumi di una sbornia a pic-nic all'aria aperta, anche se la sua pioggia nevischio. Midsummer Festival (Juhannus), il Sabato nel periodo 20-26 giugno. Per celebrare il solstizio d'estate, con un sacco di falò, bere e allegria generale. Le città diventano quasi vuota come la gente correre ai loro cottage estivi. Potrebbe essere una buona idea per visitare una delle città più grandi solo per la strana sensazione di una città vuota. Independence Day (Itsenisyyspiv), 6 dicembre. Una celebrazione abbastanza cupo di Finlands indipendenza dalla Russia. Il presidente tiene una palla per le persone importanti (ad esempio parlamentari, diplomatici, e meritò sportivi finlandesi e artisti). Little Christmas (Pikkujoulu), la gente va pub crawling con i loro compagni di lavoro in tutto dicembre. Non una festa ufficiale, solo una versione vichingo-forza di una festa di Natale. Natale (Joulu) 24-26 dicembre. La più grande festa dell'anno, in cui praticamente tutto chiude per tre giorni. Babbo (Joulupukki) arriva alla vigilia di Natale il 24 dicembre, il prosciutto è mangiato e tutti vanno a sauna. Capodanno (Uudenvuodenaatto) 31 dicembre. Fuochi d'artificio volta tempo di vacanza tipico è nel mese di luglio, a differenza di altrove in Europa, dove è nel mese di agosto. Le persone generalmente iniziano le loro vacanze estive in giro per mezza estate. In questi giorni, le città sono probabilmente meno popolate, come i finlandesi la testa per i loro cottage estivi. Gli scolari iniziare le loro vacanze estive all'inizio di giugno. Regioni Modifica Regioni della Finlandia atterrano un gruppo autonomo e monolingue svedese di isole al largo della costa sud-occidentale della Finlandia Mentre una divisione burocratica conveniente e senza ambiguità, le province 8212 ora formalmente conosciuto come Stato a finalità regionale le agenzie amministrative 8212 in realtà non corrispondono a confini geografici o culturali molto bene. Altri termini si può sentire includere Tavastia (HME), che coprono una vasta area di Finlandia centrale intorno a Tampere, e Carelia (Karjala) per l'Estremo Oriente, la maggior parte dei quali è stato perso in Unione Sovietica nella seconda guerra mondiale (ancora un argomento dolente in alcuni ambienti). Nel 2010, Finlandia occidentale è stato formalmente divisa in Finlandia occidentale e interna (per Tampere e la costa nei pressi di Vaasa) e sud-ovest della Finlandia (l'area nei pressi di Turku). Città e paesi modificare Helsinki 8212 la figlia della capitale baltica, Finlands e la sua unica vera città Hmeenlinna 8212 un piccolo paese in riva al lago con un castello medievale e Aulanko parco Jyvskyl 8212 una città universitaria situata nella Finlandia centrale Kuopio 8212 una città universitaria nella Finlandia centrale, zona dei laghi. Lappeenranta 8212 una città universitaria, vicino al confine con la Russia nel sud della Finlandia orientale, dal lago Saimaa. Oulu 8212 una città tecnologia alla fine del Golfo di Botnia Rovaniemi 8212 porta verso la Lapponia Savonlinna 8212 una piccola città sul lago con un grande castello e un festival di opera popolare. Seinjoki 8212 Finlands più rapida crescita cittadina, ospite di molti festival importanti ogni anno. Tampere 8212 la più grande città industriale in Finlandia, patria della cultura, musica, arte e musei, nel bel mezzo di altre grandi città in Finlandia meridionale. Forse la migliore scena musicale in Finlandia. Turku 8212 l'ex capitale, sulla costa occidentale. Castello medievale e la cattedrale. Vaasa 8212 una città con forti influenze svedesi sulla costa occidentale situato nei pressi del sito naturale mondiale dell'UNESCO Kvarken Altre destinazioni modificare Get a modificare Non ci sono controlli alle frontiere tra i paesi che hanno firmato e attuato questo trattato - l'Unione Europea (ad eccezione di Bulgaria, Croazia , Cipro, Irlanda, Romania e Regno Unito), Islanda, Liechtenstein, Norvegia e Svizzera. Allo stesso modo, un visto concesso per qualsiasi membro Schengen è valido in tutti gli altri paesi che hanno firmato e implementato il trattato. Ma attenzione: non tutti i membri dell'Unione europea hanno firmato il trattato di Schengen, e non tutti i membri di Schengen fanno parte dell'Unione europea. Questo significa che ci possono essere controlli doganali posto, ma senza controlli di immigrazione (che viaggiano all'interno di Schengen, ma tofrom un paese non UE), o si può avere di dogana in materia di immigrazione, ma non (viaggiare all'interno dell'UE ma tofrom un Paese non Schengen). Si prega di consultare l'articolo nella Zona Schengen il viaggio per avere maggiori informazioni su come funziona il sistema e requisiti quali sono entrata. In aereo modificare Finlands principale hub internazionale è di Helsinki-Vantaa vicino a Helsinki. Finnair. e Flybe Nordic si basano lì. Circa 30 compagnie aeree straniere volano a Helsinki-Vantaa. Ryanair s hub Finlandia sono Tampere in Finlandia centrale e Lappeenranta a est, vicino al confine con la Russia, mentre Wizz Air sta diminuendo il suo hub a Turku nel sud-ovest. Altre linee aeree hanno limitato i servizi regionali ad altre città, per lo più solo in Svezia, e, in alta stagione invernale, charter occasionali dirette (in particolare nel mese di dicembre) e voli di linea stagionali (Dec-Mar) in Lapponia. Air Baltic collega molte città finlandesi di provincia comodamente in Europa attraverso Riga. Può anche essere vale la pena di ottenere un volo economico per Tallinn e seguire le istruzioni qui sotto per ottenere in barca in Finlandia. A partire all'inizio del 2011, Norwegian Air Shuttle stabilito Helsinki come una delle sue basi, e ora offre sia voli nazionali e internazionali. In treno modificare VR 2 e Ferrovie Russe operano congiuntamente servizi fra San Pietroburgo e Helsinki, fermandosi a Vyborg. Kouvola e Lahti lungo la strada. La linea è stato aggiornato nel 2010 e la chiazza di petrolio nuova Allegro - branded treni scivolano tra le due città in tre ore e mezza fino a 220 chilometri all'ora. Attualmente il percorso è servita quattro volte al giorno, tornando a due giorni dalle novembre 2011. Questo è certamente il metodo più costoso per arrivare a Helsinki da San Pietroburgo, con i prezzi di 92 durante l'estate e 84 resto dell'anno per una sola andata biglietto. Tuttavia, i biglietti per il primo treno del mattino, che le partenze alle 06:12, può essere acquistato per un prezzo a partire da 39 nei mesi estivi. C'è anche il sonno durante la notte lenta tradizionale da Mosca. che prende circa 15 ore. Non ci sono treni diretti tra la Svezia o la Norvegia e la Finlandia (il calibro della guida è diverso), ma il bus sopra il gap da Boden Lule (Svezia) a Kemi (Finlandia) è gratuito con un Eurail Inter Rail Pass, e si può anche ottenere 50 sconto dalla maggior parte dei traghetti con questi passaggi. In autobus Gli autobus di modifica sono i più economici, ma anche il modo più lento e meno confortevole di viaggiare tra la Russia e la Finlandia. i bus di linea regolari correre tra San Pietroburgo. Vyborg e le principali città del sud finlandesi come Helsinki. Lappeenranta. Jyvskyl e tutta la strada ad ovest di Turku. controllare Matkahuolto per gli orari. Helsinki-St. Petersburg è servita tre volte al giorno, costa 38 e richiede 9 ore durante il giorno, 8 ore di notte. Vari minibus diretti gestiti tra St. Petersburgs Oktyabrskaya Hotel (opp stazione ferroviaria Moskovsky) e Helsinkis Tennispalatsi (Etelinen Rautatiekatu 8, un isolato di distanza dal Kamppi). A 15 a senso unico, questa è l'opzione più economica, ma i minibus lasciare solo quando è pieno. Partenze da Helsinki sono più frequenti al mattino (intorno alle 10:00), mentre le partenze da San Pietroburgo di solito durante la notte (intorno alle 22:00). È inoltre possibile utilizzare un bus da Svezia o la Norvegia in Finlandia. Haparanda in Norrbotnia zona della Svezia ha collegamenti autobus per Tornio. Kemi e Oulu. Vedi tutte le nostre Matkahuolto. Eskelisen Lapinlinjat offre collegamenti in autobus dalle parti settentrionali della Norvegia, per esempio Troms. Vedi tutte le nostre Eskelisen Lapinlinjat. Con modifica barca All'interno di un traghetto passeggeri Silja Uno dei modi migliori per viaggiare da e per la Finlandia è via mare. Le barche a Estonia e Svezia. in particolare, sono gigante, multi-story palazzi e grandi magazzini, con prezzi a buon mercato sovvenzionati dalle vendite di alcol esentasse galleggiante: un viaggio di ritorno a Tallinn tra cui una cabina per un massimo di quattro persone può andare a partire da 50. Se viaggiate in Inter Rail. è possibile ottenere 50 tariffe ponte fuori. Il modo migliore per arrivare a Helsinki è in piedi sul ponte esterno con vista avanti. Estonia e gli Stati baltici modificare Helsinki e Tallinn sono solo 80 chilometri di distanza. Viking Line. linea Ecker e Tallink Silja operano a servizio completo auto traghetti tutto l'anno. A seconda del tipo di traghetto tempi di percorrenza sono di poco più di due ore (Viking Line e Tallink Siljas Stella, Superstar e Superfasts) a tre ore e mezza (Ecker e Tallink Siljas navi da crociera più grande). Alcuni servizi di viaggio durante la notte e parcheggiare fuori dal porto fino al mattino. Linda Line offre servizi veloci che completano il viaggio in 1,5 ore, ma fanno pagare un po 'più, hanno relativamente poco per farvi divertire a bordo e sospendere i servizi in caso di maltempo e durante l'inverno. Se il tempo è alla ricerca dubbia e tu sei incline al mal di mare, la sua meglio optare per le barche grandi lenti. Vi è un collegamento traghetto aggiuntivo tra Hanko e Paldiski. gestito da NaviRail. Non ci sono servizi di linea in Lettonia o in Lituania. ma alcuni degli operatori di cui sopra offrono crociere semi-regolari in estate, con Riga è la destinazione più popolare. Germania Modifica Finnlines 3 funziona da Helsinki a Travemnde (vicino Lbeck e Amburgo) e da Helsinki a Rostock. viaggio Helsinki-Travemnde richiede circa 27 ore mentre Helsinki-Rostock richiede circa 34 ore. La linea Travemnde è gestito da navi stella di classe veloci e grandi, mentre un singolo, significativamente più piccola nave Hansa classe opera nella linea di Rostock. Quest'ultimo è considerato più lussuoso e confortevole, anche se il viaggio dura molto più a lungo. La Russia di modifica per anni in programma servizi di traghetto per la Russia sono stati stop-and-go. A partire da aprile 2010 St Peter Line offre regolare servizio di traghetti da San Pietroburgo a Helsinki a partire da 30 a senso unico. Kristina Cruises offre anche crociere occasionali da Helsinki. Svezia modificare Silja Serenade lasciando Helsinki Sia Silja e Viking offrono crociere durante la notte da Helsinki e durante la notte così come le crociere diurne da Turku a Stoccolma. di solito fermarsi nelle isole di terra lungo la strada. Questi sono alcuni dei più grandi e lussuose navi passeggeri in tutto il mondo, con ben 14 piani e una grande quantità di ristoranti, bar, discoteche, piscina e centro benessere, ecc Le classi di cabina meno costosi sotto i ponti auto sono piuttosto spartana , ma la vista sul mare cabine più elevate possono essere davvero molto bella. Si noti che, a causa di una folla di ragazzi chiassosi che mirano a ottenere a fondo martellato sul buon alcol esente da imposte, sia Silja e Viking non consentono giovani non accompagnati under 23 di crociera il venerdì o il sabato. (Il limite di età è di 20 su altre notti, e solo 18 per i viaggiatori non su pacchetti crociera nello stesso giorno di ritorno.) Inoltre, Silja non offre classe ponte sui suoi servizi durante la notte, mentre vichingo fa. Si noti, inoltre, che con la Viking Line è spesso più conveniente per prenotare una crociera, invece di dirigere il traffico. La crociera include entrambe le direzioni, con un giorno di mezzo. Se si vuole rimanere più a lungo semplicemente non tornare indietro - potrebbe essere ancora più economico che prenotare un biglietto di instradare il traffico a senso unico. Questo spiega in particolare ai biglietti last minute (si potrebbe, ad esempio, andare da Stoccolma a Turku per circa 10 durante la notte - il traffico sarebbe stato superiore al 30 per una cabina con qualità inferiore). Oltre alla grande due, FinnLink offre la connessione auto più economica dei traghetti di tutto dal Naantali a Kapellskr (da 60 per una vettura con autista). I traghetti di solito si fermano per un paio di minuti a Mariehamn nelle isole di terra. che sono al di fuori dell'area fiscale dell'UE e, quindi, permettono ai traghetti di operare vendite duty-free. Tra Vaasa e Ume c'è un traghetto gestito da Wasaline. In auto modificare la Finlandia ha una rete stradale completa che collega e attraversa tutte le principali città. Guidare attraverso la Finlandia durante qualsiasi momento dell'anno è un piacere con le strade tortuose e dolci colline incorniciate da foreste di pini e betulle con terreni agricoli agricoli qua e là. unità sera estate con il sole di mezzanotte a luce delicata sono particolarmente panoramico e piacevole. Durante i mesi estivi le riparazioni stradali sono in pieno svolgimento in modo da alcuni ritardi minori possono essere sperimentato. telecamere pattuglia Strada sono utilizzati ampiamente per monitorare il traffico e far rispettare i limiti di velocità. Svezia modifica Come accennato in precedenza, uno dei modi più semplici per ottenere in auto dalla Svezia alla Finlandia è un traghetto. L'E12 Strada Europea (autostrada nazionale finlandese 3) comprende una linea di traghetti tra la Ume e Vaasa. Un altro itinerario che comprende un traghetto è E18, da Stoccolma a Turku. Norvegia modificare Russia modifica strada europea E18, come percorso russo M10, va da San Pietroburgo via Vyborg alla stazione di confine VaalimaaTorfyanovka nei pressi di Hamina. Da lì, E18 continua come strada principale nazionale finlandese 7 a Helsinki, e da lì, lungo la costa, autostrada 1 a Turku. In Vaalimaa, i camion dovranno attendere in coda camion persistente. Questa coda non riguarda direttamente gli altri veicoli. Ci sono controlli di frontiera e doganali assegni in Vaalimaa e passaporti e dei visti Schengen, se del caso saranno necessari. Da sud a nord, altri valichi di frontiera possono essere trovati a NuijamaaBrusnichnoye (Lappeenranta), VaalimaaTorfyanovka, ImatraSvetogorsk, Niirala (Tohmajrvi), Vartius (Kuhmo) Kelloselk (Salla) e Raja-Jooseppi (Sodankyl). Tutti, tranne la prima sono molto remote. Estonia modifica Come accennato in precedenza, c'è un traghetto auto tra Tallinn e Helsinki. Si forma una parte del percorso europeo E67 via Baltica che va dalla capitale estone Tallinn, attraversa Riga in Lettonia e Kaunas in Lituania alla capitale polacca Varsavia. La distanza da Tallinn a Varsavia è di circa 970 chilometri, non comprese le eventuali deviazioni. Ottenga intorno modificare La rete ferroviaria finlandese (linee passeggeri in verde) Finlands un grande paese e viaggiare è relativamente costoso. Il trasporto pubblico è ben organizzato e l'attrezzatura è sempre comodo e spesso nuove, e sono raramente necessarie al di fuori dei grandi periodi di vacanza prenotazioni anticipate. Il Journey Planner interno offre un sito web utile con gli orari integrati per tutti i treni, autobus e aerei, tra cui tra le città e il trasporto locale. Se avete bisogno di informazioni su un indirizzo in Finlandia, si può trovare attraverso Jokapaikka. fi (un motore di ricerca informazioni sulla zona libera). Si è Google Translate incluso per i non locali. In aereo Edit I voli sono i più veloci, ma in generale anche il modo più costoso di ottenere intorno. Finnair e alcune compagnie aeree più piccole operano voli regionali da Helsinki a tutto il paese, tra cui Kuopio. Pori. Rovaniemi e Ivalo. La sua prenotazione vale la pena in anticipo, se possibile: sul settore Helsinki - Oulu, countrys più frequentati, un biglietto di andata e ritorno senza economia costa un enorme 251, ma un biglietto anticipo-acquisto non modificabile a senso unico può andare a partire da 39, a meno di un biglietto del treno. Si può anche essere in grado di ottenere biglietti scontati nazionali se si vola in Finlandia il Finnair. Un'altra possibilità è Air Baltic, che vola anche il settore Turku-Oulu a prezzi molto competitivi, molto meno rispetto al treno. Inoltre, nel 2011 Norwegian Air Shuttle ha iniziato il volo da Helsinki a Oulu e Rovaniemi. Un bus navetta (Finnair autobus urbani) opera tra l'aeroporto di Helsinki-Vantaa e dalla stazione centrale di Helsinki in ca. intervalli di 20 minuti (durata del viaggio 30 min, 6,30) la linea bus 615 (al giorno) 620 (di notte) è un'alternativa un po 'meno (andata e durata 36 minuti, 5 giorni, 7 notti, 102015 prezzi). C'è anche treno di collegamento all'aeroporto e ti porta in 45 minuti (l'accesso al nuovo terminal dei treni sarà aperto in ritardo 2015 e tempo di percorrenza sarà di circa. 35 minuti. C'è un bus navetta gratuito per la stazione ferroviaria più vicina al momento) per la stazione centrale di Helsinki. I prezzi sono 5 giorni, 7 notti. Scopri trasporto Helsinki Regione pianificatore di viaggio per gli orari e altre informazioni. Ci sono tre principali compagnie aeree che vendono i voli nazionali: Finnair. la compagnia di bandiera nazionale. Serve quasi tutto il paese, con alcuni voli operati da loro controllata Nordic Regional Airlines. mosche norvegesi verso le città del nord, come Rovaniemi, Oulu, Ivalo, e Kittil. Inoltre, la base Airlines e Air100 riempire in poche lacune. In treno edit Pendolino treno, il più veloce nella VRs flotta (220 kmh) VR 4 (Ferrovie finlandesi) gestisce la rete ferroviaria abbastanza estesa. Il treno è il metodo di scelta per il viaggio da Helsinki a Tampere. Turku e Lahti. con partenze almeno una volta ogni ora e velocità più veloce del bus. Le seguenti classi di servizio sono disponibili, con esempi di prezzi e la durata per il popolare servizio di Helsinki - Tampere tra parentesi. Pendolino treni ad assetto variabile (codice S), l'opzione più veloce (836432, 1,26) InterCity (IC) e InterCity2 (IC2) esprimono i treni, con supplemento IC (836.426,9, 1,46) espresso ordinario (Pikajuna. P), con espresso a pagamento, i treni solo lenti notte per questa connessione (836.424,6, 2: 12-2: 16) treni locali e regionali (lhiliikennejuna lhijuna o taajamajuna.), senza supplemento, piuttosto lento (836.421, 02:03) I treni sono generalmente molto confortevole , in particolare i servizi espressi. Pendolino e IC treni hanno carrozze ristorante, auto di famiglia (IC solo, con un box per bambini) e prese di corrente Pendolino e IntercityIC2 treni offrono anche gratis (anche se spesso molto lento) di connettività Wi-Fi. altri supplementi si applicano per i viaggi in prima classe, di marca commerciale su alcuni treni, che si ottiene più ampio posti a sedere, i giornali e, eventualmente, uno spuntino. traversine di notte sono disponibili per le rotte a lungo raggio e un ottimo valore a 8.364.112,143 mila per un letto in un vano threetwoone-letto, ma compartimenti uno-letto sono disponibili solo in prima classe. Un bambino di età inferiore 7 può viaggiare gratuitamente con ogni adulto pagante, e gli anziani oltre i 65 anni e gli studenti con tessera universitaria finlandese (ISIC carte ecc non accettate) ottenere 50 fuori. Gruppi di 3 o più ottengono 15 fuori. Finlandia partecipa ai sistemi Inter ferroviario e Eurail. Residents of Europe can buy InterRail Finland passes offering 3-8 days of unlimited travel in one month for 8364109-229 (adult 2nd class), while the Eurail Finland pass for non-residents is 8364178-320 for 3-10 days. VRs own Holiday Pass ( LomaPassi ), at 8364145 for 3 days including up to 4 free seat reservations, is available to all but only valid in summer. You would have to travel a lot to make any of these pay off though by comparison, a full-fare InterCity return ticket across the entire country from Helsinki to Rovaniemi and back is 8364162. Generally, the trains are most crowded at the beginning and end of the weekend, and that means Friday and Sunday evening. Shortly before and at the end of major holidays like ChristmasNew Year and Easter, trains are usually very busy. If you try booking for these days at a late time, you may find the seat you reserve may be among the least desirable, that is, facing backwards, without recline, and facing towards and sharing the legroom with other passengers. While VRs trains may be slick, harsh winter conditions and underinvestment in maintenance mean that delayed trains are not uncommon, with the fancy Pendolinos particularly prone to breaking down. As in the rest of the EU, youll get a 25 refund if the train is 1-2 hours late and 50 if more. By bus edit Matkahuolto 5 offers long-distance coach connections to practically all parts of Finland. Bus is also the only way to travel in Lapland, since the rail network doesnt extend to the extreme north. Buses are generally slightly higher priced than trains, although on routes with direct train competition they can be cheaper. Speeds are usually slower than trains, sometimes very slow (from Helsinki to Oulu), sometimes even faster (from Helsinki to Kotka and Pori). On many routes, though, buses are more frequent, so you may still get to your destination faster than if you wait for the next train. Unlike the trains, student discounts are available also for foreign students by showing a valid ISIC card at Matkahuolto offices (in every bus station) and getting a Matkahuolto student discount card (5). There is also BusPass travel pass from Matkahuolto 6. which offers unlimited travel in specified time, priced at 149 for 7 days and 249 for 14 days. Onnibus 7 offers a cheaper alternative (ticket prices beginning from 3 on all routes when bought online) for long-distance coaches on routes HelsinkiTurku, HelsinkiTampere, TamperePori and beginning from the autumn 2012 also TurkuTampereJyvskyl and JyvskylOulu. Note that the routes in Tampere dont serve the city centre (with exception the Pori route) but instead stop in Hervanta (10km south of city centre), which will be Onnibus bus terminal serving as an interchange station between different routes. Local transport networks are well-developed in Greater Helsinki, Tampere and Turku. In smaller cities public transport networks are usable on weekdays, but sparse on weekends and during the summer. There are easy-to-use high-tech English route planners with maps to find out how to use local bus services provided by national bus provider Matkahuolto 8. Demand responsive transport edit Demand responsive transport (DRT) is a form of public transport, in which the routes are determined based on the customers needs. You can find the zones where DRT services are available by using the map or address search services9. By ferry edit In summertime, lake cruises are a great way to see the scenery of Finland, although most of them only do circular sightseeing loops and arent thus particularly useful for getting from point A to point B. Most cruise ships carry 100-200 passengers (book ahead on weekends), and many are historical steam boats. Popular routes include Turku - Naantali and various routes in and around Saimaa. By car edit Moose on the loose The use of sand instead of potassium formate and salt leads to a dirty environment. In Spring, the breathing air is often polluted by dust and thus can result in respiratory malfunctions. Srninen, Helsinki. Car rental is possible in Finland but generally expensive, with rates generally upwards of 80day, although rates go down for longer rentals. Foreign-registered cars can only be used in Finland for a limited time and registering it locally involves paying a substantial tax to equalize the price to Finnish levels. If you opt to buy a car in Finland instead, make sure it has all annual taxes paid and when its next annual inspection is due: the deadline is the same day as the cars first date of use unless the registration form says 00.00.xx in first date of use. In that case the inspection date is determined by the last number of the license plate. All cars must pass emissions testing and precise tests of brakes etc. Police may remove the plates of vehicles that have not passed their annual inspections in time and give you a fine. Traffic drives on the right, and there are no road tolls in Finnish cities or highways so far. Roads are well maintained and extensive, although expressways are limited to the south of the country. Note that headlights or daytime running lights must be kept on at all times when driving, in and outside cities, whether its dark or not. Drivers must stay very alert, particularly at dawn and dusk, for wild animals. Collisions with moose (frequently lethal) are common countrywide, deer (mostly survivable) cause numerous collisions in South and South West parts of the country, and semi-domesticated reindeer are a common cause of accidents in Lapland. Bear collisions happen sometimes in eastern parts of the country. VRs overnight car carrier trains 10 are popular for skipping the long slog from Helsinki up to Lapland and getting a good nights sleep instead: a Helsinki - Rovaniemi trip (one way) with car and cabin for 1-3 people starts from 8364215. A few unusual or unobvious rules to beware of: Headlights are mandatory even during daylight. Always give way to the right, unless signed otherwise. There is no concept of minor and major road, so this applies even to smaller road on your right. Almost all intersections are explicitly signposted with yield signs (either the stop sign or an inverted triangle). There is no explicit sign on the road that has priority, instead watch out for the back of the yield sign on the other road. Signs use the following shorthand: white numbers are for weekdays (eg. 8-16 means 08:00-16:00), white numbers in parentheses apply on Saturdays and red numbers on Sundays and holidays. In Helsinki, trams always have the right of way. Collisions do a surprising amount of damage. Dont get into arguments with a vehicle that cant change direction and weighs as much as a small battle tank. A vehicle is required by law to stop at a zebra crossing, if at least one other car has stopped, regardless of whether or not there is a pedestrian (in a similar manner as if there were a stop sign). A car is obliged to stop at a zebra crossing, if the pedestrian intends to cross the road. Many pedestrians intend to cross the road only when there is a sufficiently large gap in the traffic. When crossing the road as a pedestrian at a zebra crossing, do not leave a shadow of a doubt that you will cross the road, and cars will stop. With some practice, this works out smoothly, efficiently and without taking undue risks. By default, drivers will assume that the pedestrian does not intend to cross the road right now, in other words, cars will not stop. A car horn may only be used to prevent a collision or a similar hazardous situation. Using the horn for other purposes such as expressing frustration in surrounding traffic is unlawful and quite strongly frowned upon. Circular traffic can be rather complex. For example, in one spot, two new lanes are created while the outer lane is suddenly forced to exit. This creates a difficult situation, when the lines are covered by snow. Pedestrians walking on unlighted roads without sidewalk or cycle tracks in the dark are required by law to use safety reflectors. Their use is generally recommended, since the visibility of pedestrians with reflector improves greatly. Winter driving can be somewhat hazardous, especially for drivers unused to cold weather conditions. Winter tires (MS) are mandatory from 1 December through the end of February. The most dangerous weather is in fact around the zero degree mark (C), when slippery but near-invisible black ice forms on the roads. Finnish cars often come equipped with an engine block heater ( lohkolmmitin ) used to preheat the engine and possibly the interior of the car beforehand, and many parking places have electric outlets to feed them. Liikenneturva, the Finnish road safety agency, maintains a Tips for winter driving page 11 in English. Note that especially in the Helsinki area, the majority of cars are equipped with steel-studded tires that allow more dynamic driving and shorter braking distances on frozen surfaces than conventional traction tires (MS), as used in other European countries. Finnish speeding tickets are based on your income, so be careful: a Nokia VP whod cashed in some stock options the previous year was once hit for US204,000 Fortunately, the police have no access to tax records outside Finland and will just fine non-residents a flat 8364100-200 instead. Speed limits are 50 kmh in towns, 80-100 kmh outside towns and usually 120 kmh on freeways. From around mid-october to april, speedlimits on freeways are lowered to 100 kmh and most 100 kmh limits are lowered to 80 kmh. Software for GPS navigators that warns of fixed safety cameras is legal and installed by default in many mobile phones. Warning signs before fixed cameras are required by law. A blood alcohol level of over 0.05 is considered drunk driving and 0.12 as aggrevated drunk driving, so think twice before drinking that second beer. Finnish police strictly enforce this by random roadblocks and sobriety tests. If you are driving at night when the gas stations are closed (they usually close at 9 PM), always remember to bring some money for gas . Automated gas pumps in Finland in rare occasions do not accept foreign visacredit cards, but you can pay with Euro notes. In the sparsely-populated areas of the country, distances of 50 km and more between gas stations are not unheard of, so dont gamble unnecessarily with those last litres of fuel. If you come in your own car, note that all petrol in Finland contains ethanol . If your car should not be run on ethanol-containing petrol or you are unsure use the 98 octane petrol. This contains residual ethanol from the pump station up to a maximum of 5 and can be used in all cars that run on petrol. By taxi edit Finnish taxis are heavily regulated by the government, so theyre comfortable, safe and expensive. No matter where you go in the country, the starting fee is fixed at 5.90, rising up to 9.00 at night and on Sundays. The per-kilometer charge starts at 1.52km for 1 or 2 passengers, rising up to 2,13km for 7 or 8 passenger minivans. A 20-25 km journey (say, airport to central Helsinki) can thus easily cost 40-50. Taxis can come in any color or shape, but they will always have a yellow TAXI sign (sometimes spelled TAKSI) on the roof. Hailing cabs off the street is difficult to impossible, so either find a taxi rank or order by phone (any pub or restaurant will help you on this, expect to pay 2 euros for the call). Taxi companies around the country can be found at the Taksiliitto 12 site. In the Helsinki city center, long lines at the taxi stops can be expected on Friday and Saturday nights. It is not uncommon to share a taxi with strangers if going towards the same general direction. Using of unofficial taxis is illegal and to be avoided. You might lose your walletpursephone, despite Helsinki being maybe one of the safest capitals in Europe. The Uber service is illegal in Finland and the driver may face a notable penalty. If you decide to use Uber and your driver gets caught by the police, youre on your own. By thumb edit Hitchhiking is possible, albeit unusual, in Finland, as the harsh climate and sparse traffic dont exactly encourage standing around and waiting for cars. The most difficult task is getting out of Helsinki. Summer offers long light hours, but in the fallspring you should plan your time. The highway between Helsinki and Saint Petersburg has a very high percentage of Russian drivers. See Hitchhiking Club Finland liftari. org 13 or the Finland article 14 on Hitchwiki for further details if interested. By bicycle edit Most Finnish cities have good bike paths especially outside the centres, and taking a bike can be a quick, healthy and environmentally friendly method of getting around locally. The roads are generally paved well, although gravel roads are sometimes unavoidable. As long as you dont go off-road, you will not need suspension or grooved tyres. Because of the long distances, bicycle tourists are advised to plan well and be prepared to use public transport for the less interesting stretches. Long-distance coaches are well-equipped to take bicycles on board, trains take bicycles if there is enough space. Ferries take bikes for free or for a small fee. Due to the relatively gentle topographic relief, too hilly terrain is rarely a problem, but in the cold months, windchill requires more protection against cold than in walking. Talk edit Finnish language map. Finnish is a Official Language (dark blue) and Finnish spoken by a minority (aruba blue) Finland is officially bilingual in Finnish (spoken by 90 of the population) and Swedish (spoken by 5,6 of the population), and both languages are compulsory in all schools, but in practice most of the population is monolingual in Finnish. Finnish is spoken everywhere in the country except land islands and Finnish is the main language of Finland. Finnish is not related to the Scandinavian languages (Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, Icelandic and Faroese), Russian, or English. In fact, it is not even an Indo-European language, instead belonging in the Uralic group of languages which includes Hungarian and Estonian, making it hard for speakers of most other European languages to learn. Reading signboards can also be difficult as Finnish has relatively few loan words from common European languages, and as a result it is very hard to guess what words in Finnish mean. Swedish is the mother tongue for 5.6 of Finns. There are no large towns with a Swedish majority, and the Swedish-speaking communities are mainly smaller rural communities along the Southwest coast. Many towns and road signs on the coast use alternate Finnish and Swedish names, so road signs can be confusing, but bilingual signs outside bilingual areas never appear. The small autonomous province of land and the municipalities of Nrpes, Korsns and Larsmo are exclusively Swedish-speaking, and people there typically speak little or no Finnish at all, so English is a better bet. Swedish is a mandatory subject in Finnish-speaking schools (and Finnish in Swedish-speaking schools), so everyone is supposed to speak and understand it in reality, though, only 41 of the Finnish-speaking population is conversant in it, and most of these people live in coastal areas and in predominantly Swedish-speaking areas. Even this varies: for example, in Helsinki and Turku most people can speak Swedish enough to deal with important conversations you engage in as a tourist and often somewhat beyond, but living would be impossible without knowledge of Finnish, whereas towns like Vaasa and Porvoo have significant Swedish-speaking minorities and are more genuinely bilingual (i. e. it would be possible to live there with Swedish only). Most hotels and restaurants, especially in areas where Swedish is widely spoken, do have some Swedish-proficient staff. Russian is best understood near the Russian border, such as in Lappeenranta, Imatra and Joensuu, which are areas frequented by Russian tourists. Tourist destinations which are popular among Russians in Eastern and Northern Finland have some Russian-speaking staff. Elsewhere, knowledge of Russian is often far rarer. In bigger towns, with the exception of the elderly, many people you would meet as a tourist speak good English, and even in the countryside younger people will nearly always know enough to communicate. In fact, outside of the Swedish-speaking communities, English is usually far better understood than Swedish . Conversely, within the Swedish-speaking communities, English is often better understood than Finnish. 73160 of the population in Finland can speak English. Dont hesitate to ask for help: Finns can be shy but will help you out in need. Besides English and Swedish, some Finns can speak German (18160) or French (3160), other secondary languages (Spanish, Russian) being rare. Foreign TV series and movies are nearly always subtitled. Only childrens fare gets dubbed into Finnish. The grammar of Finnish language has relatively few exceptions but quite many rules (where some rules might be considered cleverly disguised exceptions). There are about 17 different cases for getting some coffee and getting the coffee, going into a pub, being in a pub (or in a state of drunkenness), getting out of the pub, being on the roof, getting onto the roof, getting off the roof, using something as a roof and so on that are encoded into the word endings. In written text, the plethora of cases makes it a challenging exercise to even look up a single word from the dictionary. The conjugation of verbs is unfortunately somewhat more complex. See edit add listing Sunset with reflections on a lake in Finland. A selection of top sights in Finland: Central Helsinki. the Daughter of the Baltic . on a warm and sunny summer day The Suomenlinna Sea Fortress, 15-minute ferry trip from Downtown Helsinki. A Unesco World Heritage Site. The historical sites of Turku and the vast archipelago around it, best viewed from the deck of a giant car ferry. Pottering around the picturesque wooden houses of Porvoo. Finlands second-oldest town Renting a car and exploring the Lake Land of Eastern Finland, an area dotted with around 60 000 lakes with a similar number of islands, which in turn have their own lakes. Olavinlinna Castle in Savonlinna. Finlands most atmospheric castle, especially during the yearly Opera Festival Hmeenlinna Castle in Hmeenlinna is Finlands oldest castle. Built in 13th century. Relaxing at a sauna-equipped cottage in the lake country of Eastern Finland Icebreaker cruising and the worlds biggest snow castle in Kemi Seeing the Northern Lights and trying your hand sledding down a mile-long track at Saariselk A ride on the historical Linnanmki wooden roller coaster (Helsinki). Unlike modern designs, only gravity keeps it on the track, and it requires a driver on each train to operate the brakes. Do edit add listing Sports edit Notably lacking in craggy mountains or crenellated fjords, Finland is not the adrenalin-laden winter sports paradise you might expect: the traditional Finnish pastime is cross-country skiing through more or less flat terrain. If youre looking for downhill skiing, snowboarding etc, youll need to head up to Lapland and resorts like Levi and Saariselk. During the short summer you can swim, fish or canoe in the lakes. They are usually warmest around 20th July. Local newspapers usually have the current surface temperatures, and a map of the surface temperatures can also be found from the Environment Ministry website 15. During the warmest weeks, late at night or early in the morning the water can feel quite pleasant when the air temperature is lower than the waters. Most towns also have swimming halls with slightly warmer water, but these are often closed during the summer. Fishing permits, if needed, can be easily bought from any R-Kioski although they take a small surcharge for it. For hikers, fishermen and hunters, the Ministry of Forestry maintains an online Excursion Map map 16 with trails and huts marked. The best season for hiking is early fall, after most mosquitoes have died off and the autumn colors have come out. And if youd like to try your hand at something uniquely Finnish, dont miss the plethora of bizarre sports contests in the summer, including: Air Guitar World Championships 17. August, Oulu . Mobile Phone Throwing Championship 18. August, Savonlinna. Recycle your Nokia Swamp Soccer World Championship 19. July, Hyrynsalmi. Probably the messiest sporting event in the world. Wife Carrying World Championship 20. July, Sonkajrvi. The grand prize is the wifes weight in beer. Sulkavan Suursoudut 21. July, Sulkava Finlands biggest rowing event Festivals edit Finland hosts many music festivals ( festari ) during the summer. Some of the most notable include: Most of the festivals last 2-4 days and are very well organized, with many different bands playing, with eg. Foo Fighters and Linkin Park headlining at Provinssi 2008. The normal full ticket (all days) price is about 60-100, which includes a camp site where you can sleep, eat and meet other festival guests. The atmosphere at festivals is great and probably youll find new friends there. Of course drinking a lot of beer is a part of the experience. There are also many more less-advertised underground festivals around the countryside every summer. Northern Lights edit Spotting the eerie Northern Lights ( aurora borealis . or revontulet in Finnish) glowing in the sky is on the agenda of many visitors, but even in Finland its not so easy. During the summer, its light all day along and the aurora become invisible, and theyre rarely seen in the south. The best place to spot them is during the winter in the far north, when the probability of occurrence is over 50 around the magnetic peak hour of 22:30 8212 if the sky is clear, that is. The ski resort of Saariselk. easily accessible by plane and with plenty of facilities, is particularly popular among aurora hunters. Buy edit add listing Finland has the euro () as its sole currency along with 24 other countries that use this common European money. These 24 countries are: Austria. Belgium. Cipro. Estonia. Finland . France. Germania. Greece. Ireland. Italy. Latvia. Lithuania. Luxembourg. Malta. the Netherlands. Portogallo. Slovakia. Slovenia and Spain (official euro members which are all European Union member states) as well as Andorra. Kosovo. Monaco. Montenegro. San Marino and the Vatican which use it without having a say in eurozone affairs and without being European Union members. Together, these countries have a population of more than 330 million. One euro is divided into 100 cents. While each official euro member (as well as Monaco, San Marino and Vatican) issues its own coins with a unique obverse, the reverse, as well as all bank notes, look the same throughout the eurozone. Every coin is legal tender in any of the eurozone countries. Finland does not use the 1 and 2 cent coins instead all sums are rounded to the nearest 5 cents. The coins are, however, still legal tender and there are even small quantities of Finnish 1c and 2c coins, highly valued by collectors. It is common to omit cents and the euro sign from prices, and use the comma as a decimal separator: 5,50 thus means five euros and fifty cents. Getting or exchanging money is rarely a problem, as ATMs (Otto) are common and they can be operated with international credit and debit cards (Visa, Visa Electron, Mastercard, Maestro). Currencies other than the euro are generally not accepted, although the Swedish krona may be accepted in land and northern border towns like Tornio. Russian roubles are accepted in some select touristy shops, such as Stockmann in Helsinki. Money changers are common in the bigger cities (the Forex chain 33 is ubiquitous) and typically have longer opening hours and faster service than banks. Credit cards are widely accepted, and the payment is almost always accepted by your PIN code. Visa Electron and Visa Debit cardreaders are found in all major and most minor shops, so carrying large amounts of cash is not usually necessary. As a rule, tipping is never necessary in Finland and restaurant bills already include service charges. That said, taxi fares and other bills paid by cash are are occasionally rounded up to the next convenient number. Cloakrooms ( narikka ) in nightclubs and better restaurants often have non-negotiable fees (usually clearly signposted, 83643 is standard), and 8212 in the few hotels that employ them 8212 hotel porters will expect around the same per bag. Costs edit Declared the worlds most expensive country in 1990, prices have since abated somewhat but are still steep by most standards. Rock-bottom traveling if staying in hostel dorms and self-catering costs at least 25day and its well worth doubling that amount. The cheapest hotels cost about 50 per night and more regular hotels closer to 100. Instead of hotels or hostels, look for holiday cottages, especially when travelling in a group and off-season, you can find a full-equipped cottage for 10-15 per person a night. Camp-sites typically cost between 10 and 20 per tent. Museums and tourist attractions have an entrance fee in the range of 5-25. Using public transport costs a few euros per day and depends on the city. One-way travel between major cities by train or by bus costs between 20 and 100, depending on the distance. Note that a VAT of 24 is charged for nearly everything, but by law this must be included in the displayed price. Non-EU residents can get a tax refund for purchases above 40 at participating outlets, just look for the Tax-Free Shopping logo. Shopping edit As you might expect given the general price level, souvenir shopping in Finland isnt exactly cheap. Traditional buys include Finnish puukko knives, handwoven ryijy rugs and every conceivable part of a reindeer. For any Lappish handicrafts, look for the Smi Duodji label that certifies it as authentic. Popular brands for modern (or timeless) Finnish design include Marimekko 34 clothing, Iittala 35 glass, Arabia 36 ceramics, Kalevala Koru 37 jewelry, Pentik 38 interior design and, if you dont mind the shipping costs, Artek 39 furniture by renowned architect and designer Alvar Aalto. Kids and not a few adults love Moomin 40 characters, which fill up souvenir store shelves throughout the country. In case one prefers souvenirs that are made in Finland and do not just appear Finn Made, caution is advised. Many wooden products are actually imported and Marimekko, for instance, manufactures most of its products outside Finland. Safe bets for truly Finnish souvenirs are products made by Lapuan Kankurit 41 and Aarikka 42. for example. Grocery stores are rather common, and there is usually at least one supermarket in almost all localities. The range of products in Finnish grocery stores tends to be a little bit more limited than in neighboring countries (except perhaps in Norway). Many products need to be imported, and this unfortunately shows in the selection of goods and the pricing. It is not uncommon to see exactly the same product in different shops, at exactly the same price. Finnish food markets are mainly dominated by two large groups: S Group (supermarket chains Sale . Alepa . S-Market and hypermarket chain Prisma ), and K Group (supermarket chains K-Extra . K-Market . K-Supermarket and hypermarket chain K-Citymarket , while local market chains like Siwa . Valintatalo . Tarmo and M-Market covers lots of gaps where larger chains do not operate. In addition to these chains, international discount store chain Lidl operates around 150 stores in Finland, mainly in cities and towns with population over 5,000. It usually offers the cheapest prices, and product range is similar to the rest of Europe. Previous restrictions on shopping hours were recently lifted, and now vary significantly by shop and location. For many smaller shops in large towns, normal weekday opening hours are around 08:00-22:00, but may be closed or have reduced hours during weekends. Larger shops and grocery stores in central locations are sometimes open later. Shopping hours for specialty stores, as well as shops in small towns and in the countryside, are often much shorter. Note that opening hours are often reduced considerably around national holidays, such as Christmas, Easter or Midsummer. Convenience stores like the ubiquitous R-Kioski 43 tend to have longer hours, but are often closed when you most need them. Some shops in Central Helsinki are open 247 or until 22:00 every day of the year. If in desperate need of basic supplies, gas station convenience stores are usually open on weekends and until late at night. Most notable 247 Gas station-chains are ABC 44 and Shell 45. While shopkeepers may vehemently deny this to a foreigner, prices in smaller stores are by no means fixed. When buying hobby equipment, it is not uncommon to get 30160 discount (hint: Find the international price level from a web shop and print it out). The more specialized the goods, the higher the gap between Finnish and international prices, and mail order may save a lot of money. When a package is intercepted by customs (which is quite rate for physically small items), the buyer is notified and can pick it up from customs. VAT and possibly import duty are charged, bring a copy of the order that is then signed by the buyer and archived. When buying consumer electronics, one should be aware that the shelf life of products can be rather long, especially if the shop isnt specialized in consumer electronics. There is a risk to buy an overpriced product that has already been discontinued by the manufacturer or replaced with a newer model. Eat edit add listing A typical Finnish meal. Clockwise from bottom: warm smoked salmon, boiled potatoes, cream sauce with chantarelles, lightly pickled cucumbers with dill Finnish cuisine is heavily influenced by its neighbors, the main staples being potatoes and bread with various fish and meat dishes on the side. Milk or cream is traditionally considered an important part of the diet and is often an ingredient in foods and a drink, even for adults. Various milk products such as cheeses are also produced. While traditional Finnish food is famously bland, the culinary revolution that followed joining the EU has seen a boom in classy restaurants experimenting with local ingredients, often with excellent results. Seafood edit With tens of thousands of lakes and a long coastline, fish is a Finnish staple, and theres a lot more on that menu than just salmon ( lohi ). Specialities include: Baltic herring ( silakka ), a small, fatty and quite tasty fish available pickled, marinated, smoked, grilled and in countless other varieties Gravlax (graavilohi), a pan-Scandinavian appetizer of raw salted salmon Smoked salmon ( savulohi ), not just the cold, thinly sliced, semi-raw kind but also fully cooked warm smoked salmon Vendace ( muikku ), a speciality in eastern Finland, a small fish served fried, heavily salted and typically with mashed potatoes Other local fish to look out for include zander ( kuha ), an expensive delicacy, pike ( hauki ) and perch ( ahven ). Meat dishes edit Reindeer stew ( poronkristys ), a Lappish favorite Meatballs ( lihapullat ), served with mashed potatoes and lingonberry jam Karelian stew ( karjalanpaisti ), a heavy stew usually made from beef and pork (and optionally, lamb), carrots and onions, usually served with potatoes Liver casserole ( maksalaatikko ), consisting of chopped liver, rice and raisins cooked in an oven it tastes rather different from what youd expect (and not liver-y at all) Loop sausage ( lenkkimakkara ), a large, mildly flavored sausage best when grilled and topped with a dab of sweet Finnish mustard ( sinappi ), and beer Meat balls ( lihapullat . lihapyrykt ) are as popular and tasty as in neighboring Sweden Reindeer ( poro ) dishes, especially sauteed reindeer shavings ( poronkristys . served with potato mash and lingonberries), not actually a part of the everyday Finnish diet but a tourist staple and common in the frigid North Swedish hash (pyttipannu), (originally from Sweden. Swedish: pytt i panna) a hearty dish of potatoes, onions and any meaty leftovers on hand fried up in a pan and topped with an egg Makkara traditional Finnish sausage. Affectionately called the Finnish mans vegetable since the actual meat content may be rather low. Milk products edit Cheese and other milk products are very popular in Finland. The most common varieties are mild hard cheeses like Edam and Emmental, but local specialities include: Aura cheese ( aurajuusto ), a local variety of blue cheese, also used in soups, sauces and as a pizza topping. Breadcheese ( leipjuusto or juustoleip ), a type of very mild-flavored grilled curd that squeaks when you eat it, best enjoyed warm with a dab of cloudberry jam Piim . a type of buttermilk beverage, thick and sour Viili . a gelatinous, stretchy and sour variant of yoghurt Other dishes edit Karelian pie ( karjalanpiirakka ), a signature Finnish pastry Pea soup ( hernekeitto ), usually but not always with ham, traditionally eaten with a dab of mustard and served on Thursdays just watch out for the flatulence Karelian pies ( karjalanpiirakka ), an oval 7 by 10 cm baked pastry, traditionally baked with rye flour, containing rice porridge or mashed potato, ideally eaten topped with butter and chopped egg ( munavoi ) Porridge ( puuro ), usually made from oats ( kaura ), barley ( ohra ), rice ( riisi ) or rye ( ruis ) and most often served for breakfast Bread edit Bread ( leip ) is served with every meal in Finland, and comes in a vast array of varieties. Rye bread is the most popular bread in Finland. Typically Finnish ones include: hapankorppu . dry, crispy and slightly sour flatbread, occasionally sold overseas as Finncrisp limppu . catch-all term for big loaves of fresh bread nkkileip . another type of dark, dried, crispy rye flatbread ruisleip (rye bread), can be up to 100 rye and much darker, heavier and chewier than American-style rye bread unlike in Swedish tradition, Finnish rye bread is typically unsweetened and thus sour and even bitter. rieska . unleavened bread made from wheat or potatoes, eaten fresh Seasonal and regional specialities edit Attack of the killer mushrooms The false morel ( korvasieni ) has occasionally been dubbed the Finnish fugu, as like the infamous Japanese pufferfish, an improperly prepared false morel can kill you . Fortunately, its easily rendered safe by boiling (just dont breathe in the fumes), and prepared mushrooms can be found in gourmet restaurants and even canned. From the end of July until early September its worthwhile to ask for crayfish ( rapu ) menus and prices at better restaurants. Its not cheap, you dont get full from the crayfish alone and there are many rituals involved, most of which involve large quantities of ice-cold vodka, but it should be tried at least once. Or try to sneak onto a corporate crayfish party guestlist, places are extremely coveted at some. Around Christmas, baked ham is the traditional star of the dinner table, with a constellation of casseroles around it. There are also regional specialties, including Eastern Finland s kalakukko (a type of giant fish pie ) and Tampere s infamous blood sausage ( mustamakkara ). Around Easter keep an eye out for mmmi . a type of brown sweet rye pudding which is eaten with cream and sugar. It looks famously unpleasant but actually tastes quite good. Desserts edit An assortment of pulla straight from the oven For dessert or just as a snack, Finnish pastries abound and are often taken with coffee (see Drink ) after a meal. Look for cardamom coffee bread ( pulla ), a wide variety of tarts ( torttu ), and donuts ( munkki ). In summer, a wide range of fresh berries are available, including the delectable but expensive cloudberry ( lakka ), and berry products are available throughout the year as jam ( hillo ), soup ( keitto ) and a type of gooey clear pudding known as kiisseli . Finnish chocolate is also rather good, with Fazer 46 products including their iconic Sininen (Blue) bar exported around the world. A more Finnish speciality is licorice ( lakritsi ), particularly the strong, salty kind known as salmiakki . which gets its unique (and acquired) taste from ammonium chloride. Places to eat edit Cold fish buffet at Liekkilohi, Savonlinna Finns tend to eat out only on special occasions, and restaurant prices are correspondingly expensive. The one exception is lunchtime . when thanks to a government-sponsored lunch coupon system company cafeterias and nearly every restaurant in town offers set lunches for around 8-9, usually consisting of a main course, salad bar, bread table and a drink. University cafeterias, many of which are open to all, are particularly cheap with meals in the 2-4 range for students, although without local student ID you will usually need to pay about 5-7. There are also public cafeterias in office administration areas that are open only during lunch hours on working days. While not particularly stylish and sometimes hard to find, those usually offer high-quality buffet lunch at a reasonable price (typically 8.40 in 2011). The cafe scene has quickly developed, especially since the 1990s and above all in Helsinki. The array of cakes and pastries is not perhaps as vast as in Central Europe. but the local special coffees (lattes, mochas etc.) are worth trying when it comes to the two big local coffee house chains: Waynes Coffee (originated in Sweden) and Roberts Coffee (Finland). You can now also find Starbucks in Finland. For dinner, youll be limited to generic fast food (pizza, hamburgers, kebabs and such) in the 5-10 range, or youll have to splurge over 20 for a meal in a nice restaurant. For eating on the move, look for grill kiosks ( grilli ), which serve sausages, hamburgers and other portable if not terribly health-conscious fare late into the night at reasonable prices. In addition to the usual hamburgers and hot dogs, look for meat pies ( lihapiirakka ), akin to a giant savoury doughnut stuffed with minced meat and your choice of sausage, fried eggs and condiments. Hesburger 47 is the local fast-food equivalent of McDonalds, with a similar menu. They have a Finnish interpretation of a few dishes, such as a sour-rye chicken sandwich. Of course most international fast food chains are present, especially McDonalds, which offers many of their sandwich buns substituted with a sour-rye bun on request. The Finnish word for buffet is seisova pyt (standing table), and while increasingly used to refer to all-you-can-eat Chinese or Italian restaurants, the traditional meaning is akin to Swedens smrgsbord . a good-sized selection of sandwiches, fish, meats and pastries. Its traditionally eaten in three rounds 8212 first the fish, then the cold meats, and finally warm dishes 8212 and its usually the first that is the star of the show. Though expensive and not very common in a restaurant setting, if you are fortunate enough to be formally invited to a Finns home, they will likely have prepared a spread for their guest, along with plenty of coffee. Breakfast at better hotels is also along these lines and its easy to eat enough to cover lunch as well If youre really on a budget, you can save a considerable amount of money by self-catering . Ready-to-eat casseroles and other basic fare that can be quickly prepared in a microwave can be bought for a few euros in any supermarket. Note that youre usually expected to weigh and label any fruits or vegetables yourself (bag it, place it on the scale and press the numbered button. The correct number can be found from the price sign), and green signs mean possibly tastier but certainly more expensive organic ( luomu ) produce. One should be aware that more often than not, cheap food contains disproportionate amounts of fat. At restaurants, despite the high prices, portions tend to be quite small, at least when compared to USA and Canada. and even many European countries. Dietary restrictions edit Traditional Finnish cuisine relies heavily on meat and fish, but vegetarianism ( kasvissynti ) is increasingly popular and well-understood, and will rarely pose a problem for travellers. Practically all restaurants offer vegetarian options, often marked with a V on menus. Two ailments commonly found among Finns themselves are lactose intolerance ( laktoosi-intoleranssi . inability to digest the milk sugar lactose) and coeliac disease ( keliakia . inability to digest gluten). In restaurants, lactose-free selections are often tagged L (low-lactose products are sometimes called Hyla or marked with VL), while gluten-free options are marked with G. However, hydrolyzed lactose (HYLA brand) milk or lactose-free milk drink for the lactose intolerant is widely available, which also means that a lactose-free dish is not necessarily milk-free. Allergies are quite common among Finnish people, too, so restaurant workers are usually quite knowledgeable on what goes into each dish and often it is possible to get the dish without certain ingredients if specified. Kosher and halal food are rare in Finland and generally not available outside very limited speciality shops and restaurants catering to the tiny Jewish and Islamic communities. Watch out for minced meat dishes like meatballs, which very commonly use a mix of beef and pork. The Jewish Community of Helsinki 48 runs a small kosher deli in Helsinki. and there are Halal grocery stores and restaurants in some larger towns. Drink edit add listing Thanks to its thousands of lakes, Finland has plenty of water supplies and tap water is always potable (In fact, never buy bottled water if you can get tap water). The usual soft drinks and juices are widely available, but look out for a wide array of berry juices ( marjamehu ), especially in summer, as well as Pommac . an unusual soda made from (according to the label) mixed fruits, which youll either love or hate. Coffee and tea edit Finns are the worlds heaviest coffee ( kahvi ) drinkers, averaging 3-4 cups per day. Most Finns drink it strong and black, but sugar and milk for coffee are always available and the more European variants such as espresso and cappuccino are becoming all the more common especially in the bigger cities. The biggest towns have had French-style fancy cafs for quite some time and modern competitors, like Waynes or Roberts Coffee, are springing up in the mix. For a quick caffeine fix, you can just pop into any convenience store, which will pour you a cuppa for 83642 or so. Tea hasnt quite caught on in quite the same way, although finding hot water and a bag of Lipton Yellow Label wont be a problem. For brewed tea, check out some of the finer downtown cafs or tea rooms. Dairy edit In Finland some people like to drink milk ( maito ) as an accompaniment to food at home or at the cafeteria at work or school. The most popular beverage is water, though. Another popular option is piim . or buttermilk. Viili . a type of curd, acts like super-stretchy liquid bubble gum but is similar to plain yogurt in taste. It is traditionally eaten with cinnamon and sugar on top. Fermented dairy products help stabilize the digestion system, so if your system is upset, give them a try. Alcohol edit Chilling out at the Arctic Icebar, Helsinki Alcohol is very expensive in Finland compared to most countries (though not to its Nordic neighbours Sweden and Norway ), although low-cost Estonia s entry to the EU has forced the government to cut alcohol taxes a little. Still, a single beer will cost you closer to 83644-5 in any bar or pub, or 83641 and up in a supermarket. While beer and cider are available in any supermarket or convenience store (until 9 PM), the state monopoly Alko 49 is your sole choice for wine or anything stronger. The legal drinking age is 18 for milder drinks, while to buy hard liquor from Alko you need to be 20. ID is usually requested from all young-looking clients. Some restaurants have higher age requirements, up to 30 years, but these are their own policies and are not always followed, especially at more quiet times. Surprisingly enough, the national drink is not Finlandia Vodka, but its local brand Koskenkorva 50 or Kossu in common speech. However, the two drinks are closely related: Kossu is 38 while Finlandia is 40, and Kossu also has a small amount of added sugar, which makes the two drinks taste somewhat different. There are also many other vodkas ( viina ) on the market, most of which taste pretty much the same, but look out for Strm . The Spirit of Santa, a Finnish attempt at a super-premium vodka. A local speciality is Salmiakki-Kossu or Salmari . prepared by mixing in salty black salmiakki licorice, whose taste masks the alcohol behind it fearfully well. Add in some Fishermans Friend menthol cough drops to get Fisu (Fish) shots, which are even more lethal. In-the-know hipsters opt for Pantteri (Panther), which is half and half Salmari and Fisu. Other classic shots are Jaloviina ( Jallu ) cut brandy and Tervasnapsi tar schnapps with a distinctive smoke aroma. Beer ( olut or kalja ) is also very popular, but Finnish beers are mostly nearly identical, mild lagers: common brands are Lapin Kulta . Karjala . Olvi . Koff and Karhu . Pay attention to the label when buying: beers branded I are inexpensive but has low alcohol content, while III and IV are stronger and more expensive. In normal shops you will not find any drinks with more than 4.7 alcohol. You may also encounter kotikalja (lit. home beer), a dark brown beer-like but very low-alcohol beverage. Imported beers are available in bigger grocery stores, most pubs and bars, and Czech beers in particular are popular and only slightly more expensive. In recent years, some microbreweries ( Laitila . Stadin panimo . Nokian panimo etc.) have been gaining foothold with their domestic dark lagers, wheat beers and ales. The latest trend is ciders ( siideri ). Most of these are artificially flavored sweet concoctions which are quite different from the English or French kinds, although the more authentic varieties are gaining market share. The ever-popular gin long drink or lonkero (lit. tentacle), a prebottled mix of gin and grapefruit soda, tastes better than it sounds and has the additional useful property of glowing under ultraviolet light. At up to 610 kcalliter it also allows to skip dinner, leaving more time for drinking. Different variations of lonkero have become quite popular as well, for example karpalolonkero . which is made from gin and cranberry soda. Remember that most long drinks you buy from a supermarket are made by fermenting, and if you want to get real mixed drink youll have to look for them in Alko . During the winter dont miss glgi . a type of spiced mulled wine served with almonds and raisins which can easily be made at home. The bottled stuff in stores is usually alcohol free, although it was originally made of old wine and Finns will very often mix in some wine or spirits. In restaurants, glgi is served either alcohol-free, or with 2cl vodka added. Fresh, hot glgi can, for example, be found at the Helsinki Christmas market. Quite a few unusual liquors ( likri ) made from berries are available, although theyre uniformly very sweet and usually served with dessert. Cloudberry liquor ( lakkalikri ) is worth a short even if you dont like the berries fresh. Homemade spirits: you have been warned More common in rural areas, illegal and frequently distilled on modified water purification plants - which are subject to import control laws nowadays - anecdotical evidence suggests that those are occasionally played as a prank on unsuspecting foreigners. Note that normal alcohol slows the metabolism of poisonous methanol and thus acts as an antidote. Politely decline the offer, especially if still sober. Finally, two traditional beverages worth looking for are mead ( sima ), an age-old wine-like brew made from brown sugar, lemon and yeast and consumed particularly around Mays Vappu festival, and sahti . a type of unfiltered, usually very strong beer often flavored with juniper berries (an acquired taste). Sleep edit add listing Inside a Finnish sauna Sauna The sauna is perhaps Finlands most significant contribution to the world (and the worlds vocabulary). The sauna is essentially a room heated to 708211120176C according to an oft-quoted statistic this nation of 5 million has no less than 2 million saunas, in apartments, offices, summer cottages and even Parliament. In ancient times, saunas (being the cleanest places around) were the place to give birth and heal the sick, and the first building constructed when setting up a new household. If invited to visit a Finnish home, you may be invited to bathe in the sauna as well 8212 this is an honour and should be treated as such, although Finns do understand that foreigners may not be keen about the idea. Enter the sauna nude after taking a shower, as wearing a bathing suit or any other clothing is considered a bit of a faux pas . although if you are feeling shy, you can wrap yourself in a bath towel. (When there are guests, men and women usually bathe separately.) The temperature is regulated by throwing water onto the stove ( kiuas ): the resulting rush of heat, known as lyly . is considered the key to the sauna experience. Some sauna-goers also like to flagellate themselves with leafy branches of birch ( vihta in western Finland, vasta in eastern Finland), which creates an enjoyable aroma and improves blood circulation. Depending on the occasion, the temperature in a Finnish sauna may start quite hot and gradually cool down over the hours, especially in a wood-heated sauna. The lower benches are cooler, the corner that is the furthest away from the stove is usually the hottest place. In work-related events, the actual decision-making frequently takes place in the sauna afterwards. In public saunas (hotels, gyms and the like), it is customary to sit on a paper towel (dont forget to take it out when leaving). The environment is rather hostile towards germs, so there is no need to worry about catching a disease from the sweaty wooden bench. If the heat is too much, cup your hands in front of your mouth or move down to a lower level to catch your breath. In winter, it is common to go for a swim in an ice hole in a nearby lake. The ground can be much colder than the water - use beach sandals or the like, if possible. After youve had your fill of sauna, you can cool off by heading outside for a dip in the lake or, in winter, a roll in the snow 8212 and then head back in for another round. Repeat this a few times, then cork open a cold beer, roast a sausage over a fire, and enjoy total relaxation Finnish style. These days the most common type of sauna features an electrically heated stove, which is easy to control and maintain. In the countryside you can still find wood-fired saunas, but purists prefer the (now very rare) traditional chimneyless smoke saunas ( savusauna ), where the sauna is heated by filling it with hot smoke and then ventilated well before entering. Anyone elderly or with a medical condition (especially high blood pressure) should consult their physician before using a sauna. Accommodation in Finland is expensive, but many large hotels are cheaper during the weekends and summer. In addition to the usual international suspects, check out local chains Cumulus 51. Scandic 52. Finlandia 53 and Sokos 54. The small but fast-growing Omena 55 chain offers cheap self-service hotels, where you book online and get a keycode for your room, with no check-in of any kind needed. One of the few ways to limit the damage is to stay in youth hostels ( retkeilymaja ), as the Finnish Youth Hostel Association 56 has a fairly comprehensive network throughout the country and and a dorm bed usually costs less than 836420 per night. Many hostels also have private rooms for as little as 836430, which are a great deal if you want a little extra privacy. An even cheaper option is to take advantage of Finlands right to access. or Every Mans Right ( jokamiehenoikeus ), which allows camping, hiking, and berry and mushroom picking as well as simple (rod and hook) fishing on uncultivated land. Since this is occasionally mis-interpreted by visiting foreigners, it may be a good idea to discuss travel plans with a local - or simply ask - to avoid embarrassing situations. Note that making a fire requires landowners permission. For a taste of the Finnish countryside, an excellent option is to stay at a cottage ( mkki ), thousands of which dot the lake shores. These are generally best in summer, but there are also many cottages around Laplands ski resorts. Prices vary widely based on facilities and location: simple cottages can go for as little as 836420night, while luxurious multistory mansions can go for 10 times that. Beware that, while all but the most basic ones will have electricity, its very common for cottages to lack running water: instead, the cottage will have an outhouse (pit toilet) and youre expected to bathe in the sauna and lake. Renting a car is practically obligatory since there are unlikely to be any facilities (shops, restaurants, etc) within walking distance. The largest cottage rental services are Lomarengas 57 and Nettimkki 58. both of which have English interfaces. Virtually every lodging in Finland includes a sauna ( see box ) for guests 8212 dont miss it Check operating hours though, as theyre often only heated in the evenings and there may be separate shifts of men and women. Learn edit Finlands universities are generally well-regarded and offer many exchange programs, but the high cost of living and the prospect of facing the long, cold Finnish winter mean that the country is not a particularly popular choice. However, there are no tuition fees for regular degree students, including international exchange students. While lectures are usually conducted in Finnish, most universities offer the option to complete all courses through assignments and exams in English. Many universities also offer the option to study Finnish at various levels. A reasonable monthly budget (excluding rent) would be 600 to 900. Rents vary depending on location such that in Greater Helsinki and particularly Helsinki proper prices may be two times that of cheaper locations or student housing. Many exchange programs fully or partly subsidize accommodation in student dorms. However, the state does not provide student accommodation and dorms are usually owned by student unions and foundations. Student union membership at around 70-100year is obligatory, but this includes free access to student health services. EU citizens can simply enter the country and register as a student after arrival, while students from elsewhere will need to arrange their residence permit beforehand. CIMO 59 (Centre for International Mobility) administers exchange programs and can arrange scholarships and traineeships in Finland, while the Finnish National Board of Education 60 offers basic information about study opportunities. Work edit There is little informal work to be found and most jobs require at least a remedial level of Finnish. Citizens of European Union countries can work freely in Finland, but acquiring a work permit from outside the EU means doing battle with the infamous Directorate of Immigration ( Maahanmuuttovirasto ) 61. However, students permitted to study full-time in Finland are allowed work part-time (up to 25 hweek) or even full-time during holiday periods. For jobs, you might want to check out the Ministry of Labour 62. Most of the posted jobs are described in Finnish so you may need some help in translation, but some jobs are in English. A rapidly growing trend in Finland, especially for the younger generation, is to work for placement agencies. Although there has been a massive surge of public companies going private in the last ten years, this trend seems to be fueled by the increased demand for more flexible work schedules as well as the freedom to work seasonally or sporadically. Due to the nature of these types of agencies as well as the types of work they provide, it is common for them to hire non-Finns. Some agencies include Adecco, Staff Point, Manpower, Aaltovoima and Biisoni. If you are invited to a job interview, remember that modesty is a virtue in Finland. Finns appreciate facts and directness, so stay on topic and be truthful. Exaggeration and bragging is usually associated with lying. You can check expected salaries with the union for your field, as they usually have defined minimum wages. Salaries range from 1,200 - 6,500 per month (2010). Stay safe edit Crimeviolence: Low Most violence is alcohol-related andor domestic walking in the street is usually safe even in the night Authoritiescorruption: Low The police are generally courteous and speak some English, offering bribes will get you into serious trouble. Transportation: Low to Moderate Icy roads and sidewalks in the winter, mooses and other animals occasionally crossing the roads Health: Low Tick and mosquito bites Nature: Low to Moderate Blizzards in the winter, getting lost when hiking in the forests Crime edit Finland enjoys a comparatively low crime rate and is, generally, a very safe place to travel. Use common sense at night, particularly on Friday and Saturday when the youth of Finland hit the streets to get drunk and in some unfortunate cases look for trouble. The easiest way to get beaten is to pay a visit at a grill kiosk after bars and pubs have closed and start arguing with drunken people. It is, anyway statistically more likely that your home country is less safe than Finland, so heed whatever warnings you would do in your own country and you will have no worries. If you yourself run in with the law, remember that Finland is one of the worlds least corrupt countries and you will not be able to buy yourself out of trouble. Finnish police never requires a cash payment of fines which it gives. Do not ever give money to person who presents himherself as a police officer. An obvious way to stay out of most kinds of trouble is to stay sober and act businesslike, when dealing with police, security or the like. Racism is a generally of minor concern, especially in the cosmopolitan major cities, but there have been a few rare but highly publicized incidents of black, romani amp Arab people getting beaten up, attacks against immigrants and group fights with native Finns amp immigrants. Sometimes there might be group fights where immigrants do their part as well, but thats very uncommon. The average visitor, though, is highly unlikely to encounter any problems. Pickpockets are rare, but not unheard of, especially in the busy tourist months in the summer and almost always done by foreigners. Most Finns carry their wallets in their pockets or purses and feel quite safe while doing it. Parents often leave their sleeping babies in a baby carriage on the street while visiting a shop, and in the countryside cars and house doors are often left unlocked. On the other hand, you have to be careful if you buy or rent a bicycle. Bicycle thieves are everywhere, never leave your bike unlocked even for a minute. In case of emergency edit 112 is the national phone number for all emergency services, including police, and it does not require an area code, regardless of what kind of phone youre using. The number works on any mobile phone, whether it is keylocked or not, and with or without a SIM card. If a cellphone challenges you with a PIN code, you can simply type in 112 as a PIN code - most phones will give a choice to call the number. This is not possible with all phones For inquiries about poisons or toxins (from mushrooms, plants, medicine or other chemicals) call the national Toxin Information Office at (09) 471 977. At sea, the maritime search and rescue number is 0294 1000. Stay healthy edit Signs to watch out for vaara, vaarallinen160 danger, dangerous sortumisvaara160 risk of avalanchelandslidemudslide hirvivaara160 risk of mooseelks on the road hengenvaara160 life threatening danger tulipalo160 fire kielletty160 prohibited psy kielletty or privat no entry htuloskynti or htpoistumistie160 emergency exit lkri160 doctor poliisi160 police sairaala160 hospital apua160 help Youre unlikely to have stomach troubles in Finland, since tap water is always drinkable (and generally quite tasty as well), and hygiene standards in restaurants are strict. If you have any sort of allergies, many restaurants often display in the menu the most common ingredients that people typically are allergic to. Examples: (L) Lactose free, (VL) Low Lactose, (G) Gluten free, if you are unsure just ask the waitress or restaurant staff. There are few serious health risks in Finland. Your primary enemy especially in wintertime will be the cold . particularly if trekking in Lapland. Finland is a sparsely populated country and, if heading out into the wilderness, it is imperative that you register your travel plans with somebody who can inform rescue services if you fail to return. Always keep your mobile phone with you if you run into trouble. Dress warmly in layers and bring along a good pair of sunglasses to prevent snow blindness . especially in the spring and if you plan to spend whole days outdoors. Always keep a map, a compass and preferably a GPS with you while trekking in the wilderness. Take extra precautions in Lapland, where it can be several days hike to the nearest house or road. Weather can change rapidly, and even though the sun is shining now, you can have a medium sized blizzard on your hands (no joke) an hour or two later. If out on the lakes and sea, remember that wind and water will cool you faster than cold air, and keeping dry means keeping warm. A person that falls into cold water (close to zero C) can die in a few minutes. Safety in small boats . Dont drink alcohol, wear a life vest at all times, if your boat capsizes - keep clothes on to stay warm, cling to the boat if possible (swim only if shore is a few hundred meters away, never try to swim in cold water below 20176C). Finland hosts a number of irritating insects, but if you are planning to stay in the centres of major cities, you are unlikely to encounter them. A serious nuisance in summer are mosquitoes ( hyttynen ), hordes of which inhabit Finland (particularly Lapland) in summer, especially after rains. While they carry no malaria or other nasty diseases, many species of Finnish mosquitoes make a distinctive (and highly irritating) whining sound while tracking their prey, and their bites are very itchy. As usual, mosquitoes are most active around dawn and sunset 8212 which, in the land of the Midnight Sun, may mean most of the night in summer. There are many different types of mosquito repellants available which can be bought from almost any shop. Another summer nuisance are gadflies ( paarma ), whose bites can leave a mark lasting for days, even for month. A more recent introduction to Finnish summers are deer keds ( hirvikrpnen ), that can be particularly nasty if they manage to shed their wings and burrow into hair (although they rarely bite as humans are not their intended targets, and mainly exist in deep forests). Use repellent, ensure your tent has good mosquito netting and consider prophylaxis with cetirizine (brand names include Zyrtec . Heinix . Cetirizin Ratiopharm ), an anti-allergen that (if taken in advance) will neutralize your reaction to any bites. Topical anti-allergens in the form of gels and creams are also available as over-the-counter medication. A flea comb can be useful for removing deer keds. As in other European countries, mites can become a major annoyance, if walking bare-footed. As a remedy, Permethrin creme is available from pharmacies without prescription. In southern Finland, especially land. the Lappeenranta - Parikkala - Imatra - axis and areas near Turku s coast, there are ticks ( punkki ) which appear on summertime and can transmit Lymes disease (borreliosis) and viral encephalitis through a bite. Although these incidents are relatively rare and not all ticks carry the disease, its advisable to wear dark trousers rather than shorts if you plan to walk through dense andor tall grass areas (the usual habitat for ticks). You can buy special tick tweezers from the pharmacy ( punkkipihdit ) which can be used to remove a tick safely if you happen to get bitten. You should remove the tick from your skin as quickly as possible and preferably with the tick tweezers to reduce the risks of getting an infection. If the tick bite starts to form red rings on the skin around it or if you experience other symptoms relating to the bite, you should visit a doctor as soon as possible. The only venomous insects in Finland are wasps ( ampiainen ), bees ( mehilinen ) and bumblebees ( kimalainen ). Their stings can be painful, but are not dangerous, unless you receive several stings or if you are allergic to it. Theres only one type of venomous snake in Finland, the European adder ( kyy or kyykrme ), which has a distinct zig-zag type of figure on its back, although some of them are almost completely black. They are mostly found near lake sides and sometimes in the streets like Kristianinkatu and Kamppi. The snake occurs across Finland all the way from the south to up north in Lapland. Although their bites are extremely rarely fatal (except for small children and allergic persons), one should be careful in the summertime especially when walking in the forests or on open fields at the countryside. Walk so that you make the ground vibrate and snakes will go away, they attack people only when somebody frightens them. If you are bitten by a snake, always get medical assistance. If you are planning to travel in the nature on summertime, its advisable to buy a kyypakkaus (Adder pack, a medicine set which contains a couple of hydrocortisone pills). It can be bought from any Finnish pharmacy. It is used to reduce the reactions after an adder bite, however its still advisable to see a doctor even after youve taken the hydrocortisone pills. The kyypakkaus can also be used to relieve the pain, swelling and other allergic reactions caused by bee stings. If you see an ant nest, ants have quite likely taken care of all snakes nearby. As for other dangerous wildlife, theres not much more than a few extremely rare encounters with brown bears ( karhu ) and wolves ( susi ) in the wilderness. Both of these animals are listed as endangered species. Contrary to popular belief abroad, there are no polar bears in Finland, let alone polar bears walking on the city streets. The brown bear, which occurs across Finland, has been spotted on a few very exceptional occasions even in the edges of the largest Finnish cities, but normally bears try to avoid humans whenever possible. The brown bear hibernates during the winter. In the least densely populated areas near the Russian border, there has been some rare incidents of wolf attacks - mainly lone, hungry wolves attacking domestic animals and pets. During the past 100 years there has been one recorded case of a human killed by a large predator. In general, theres no need to worry about dangerous encounters with wild beasts in Finland, other than traffic accidents. In winter, lakes and the sea are frozen. Walking, skating or even driving a car on the ice is commonly seen, but fatal accidents arent unheard of either, so ask and heed local advice. If the ice fails, it is difficult to get back out of the water, as the ice will be slippery. Small ice picks are sold as safety equipment (a pair of steel needles with bright plastic grips, connected with a safety line). Given the size of the Finnish population, a surprisingly high number of people drown in the lakes every year in summer. As pointed out by an annual public awareness campaign (partly Finnish black humor, partly the truth), the stereotypical accident involves an intoxicated fisherman who capsizes his boat while standing up to pee. Respect edit Fishing Finnish style It was a beautiful summer day, and Virtanen and Lahtinen were in a little rowboat in the middle of a lake, fishing. Two hours passed, both men sitting quietly, and then Lahtinen said Nice weather today. Virtanen grunted and stared intently at his fishing rod. Two more hours passed. Lahtinen said, Gee, the fish arent biting today. Virtanen shot back: Thats because you talk too much. Drinking Finnish style Virtanen and Lahtinen decided to go drinking at their lakeside cottage. For a couple hours, both men sat silently and emptied their bottles. After a few more hours, Lahtinen decided to break the ice: Isnt it nice to have some quality time Virtanen glared at Lahtinen and answered: Are we here to drink or talk Finns generally have a relaxed attitude towards manners, and a visitor is unlikely to offend them by accident. Common sense is quite enough in most situations, but there are a couple of things that one should keep in mind: Finns are a famously taciturn people who have little time for small talk or social niceties, so dont expect to hear phrases like thank you or youre welcome too often. The Finnish language lacks a specific word for please so Finns sometimes forget to use it when speaking English, even when they dont mean to be rude. That being said, Finns are generally very helpful and polite, and glad to help confused tourists if asked. The lack of niceties has more to do with the fact that in Finnish culture, honesty is highly regarded and that one should open ones mouth only to mean what one is about to say. Do not say maybe later when there is no later time to be expected. A visitor is unlikely to receive many compliments from Finns, but can be fairly sure that the compliments received are genuine. Occasional silence is considered a part of the conversation, not a sign of hostility or irritation. Being loud in crowded places like public transport or a restaurant is considered rude. If you ever ended up to argue with someone, the social norm is to stay calm during an argument . Arguing loudly with a stranger is considered very rude. Punctuality is a highly regarded virtue in Finland. A visitor should apologize even for being a few minutes late. Being late for longer usually requires a short explanation. 10 min is usually considered the threshold between being acceptably late and very late. Some will leave arranged meeting points after 15 min. With the advent of mobile phones, sending a text message even if you are only a few minutes late is nowadays a norm. Being late for a business meeting, even by 1 or 2 min, is considered rude. The standard greeting is a handshake . Hugs are only exchanged between family members and close friends in some situations, kisses, even on the cheek, practically never. Personal space is important, and standing very near someone can make Finns feel uncomfortable. If you are invited to a Finnish home, the only bad mistake visitors can make is not to remove their shoes . For much of the year, shoes will carry a lot of snow or mud. Therefore, it is customary to remove them, even during the summer, and not doing so is considered impolite. During the wet season you can ask to put your shoes somewhere to dry during your stay. Very formal occasions at private homes, such as baptisms (often conducted at home in Finland) or somebodys 50th birthday party, are exceptions to these rules. In the wintertime, this sometimes means that the guests bring separate clean shoes and put them on while leaving outdoor shoes to the hall. Bringing gifts such as pastry, wine, or flowers to the host is appreciated, but not required. In Finland, there is little in the way of a dress code . The general attire is casual and even in business meetings the attire is somewhat more relaxed than in some other countries. Topless sunbathing is accepted but not very common on beaches in the summer, while going au naturel is common in lakeside saunas and dedicated nudist beaches. Finnish society is egalitarian . Finnish women participate actively in the workforce and are well represented in leadership roles. Finnish language also does not distinguish between he and she, which may lead to confusing errors. Signs of social rank such as official titles like Sir or Dr. are often not used, and it is very common for people to address their superiors like teachers or bosses informally, such as by first name. If you are someones elder or superior and addressed in this fashion, it is not meant as a sign of disrespect. Especially younger Finns usually speak excellent English, in part due to the policy of subtitling foreign language movies and TV series instead of dubbing them. However, picking up a few local words is also a good idea. Finnish is a hard language to master, but knowing a few words will definitely be received warmly. When interacting with Swedish-speaking Finns, knowing a few words of Swedish will be received very well. The cultural region to which Finland belongs is correctly referred to as Nordic or North European . Finns do not generally consider themselves Scandinavian or East European . and these usually refer to Finlands neighboring countries. While you wont really offend anyone if you use these terms, it might be considered ignorant or amusing if you do. Finns are typically very interested in perceptions of Finland abroad . an inside joke of sorts is the disproportionate feeling of pride when their small country is mentioned abroad, even for something minuscule ( Suomi mainittu, torille or Finlands been mentioned, to the town square ). It is good to keep in mind that Finns will often listen to your opinion of them very carefully. Even though it is unlikely that youll seriously offend anybody, certain topics of discussion can sometimes be slightly sensitive. Although once a part of the Russian Empire, Finland fought against the Soviet Union in WWII and has remained unaligned since the Cold War, and referring to Finland as belonging to the Russian sphere of influence most likely wont be appreciated. A majority of Finnish men still serve for some time in the Finnish armed forces, and expressing strong views on the military or on wartime history can sometimes stir up emotions. Finnish war veterans from World War II are highly respected and considered honorary citizens in Finnish society. Jokes about characteristic Finnish domestic problems should only be made only if you know they will be received well. Finns tend to have a pretty sarcastic and self-critical sense of humour, and jokes about high rates of depression, suicide and alcoholism may be common. However, it is nonetheless good to remember that these are serious social problems that cause misery to many people and their loved ones. Contact edit By mail edit Finlands mail service, run by Posti. is fast, reliable and pricy. A postcard to Finland and anywhere in the world costs 1. By phone edit